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Answered Questions

In the years since SmartSexResource launched, we have developed a library of questions asked by you, and answered by our expert sexual health nurses.

Our answered questions library cover a broad range of sexual health topics and common questions we hear at our clinics.

STI Risks and Transmission (405)

Hi,My partner and I are deciding whether or not unprotected sex might be an option for us. We are both up to date on usual STI tests and I use a copper IUD as contraceptive. However, in the past we have both had unprotected sex so technically speaking, we could have been exposed to HPV. Knowing this, should I change how regularly I get my Pap test done? For that matter, does having multiple partners change how frequently you should get pap smears?Thanks!

Hi, and thanks for your question

You do not need to increase or change how frequently you get PAP screening done. The BC Cancer Agency sets these guidelines based on the current research and best practice. Their recommendation currently is for screening every 3 years after the age of 25. If they find anything unusual or atypical on a PAP test, they will make a recommendation for more frequent follow up at that time. So unless recommended otherwise, every 3 years is perfectly fine for you.

It’s also important to keep in mind that HPV is incredibly common and there are approximately 150 strains of the virus, most of which cause no harm and present no symptoms. The majority of sexually active adults will have at least one HPV infection during their lifetime and not even know about it. In fact, HPV is so common that we often refer to it as the “common cold of the genitals.” Our HPV Patient’s Guide has lots of great information on HPV if you’re interested. 

The most important thing you can do for yourself is to get a PAP screen every three years. You may also want to consider the HPV Vaccine (Gardasil-9) if the cost is not too prohibitive.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns. Health Nurse

Hi, I have a concern regarding getting HIV. I had unprotected oral sex about a week back with a sex worker, who has been in this profession for a few years and is well-reviewed. I am freaking out now about getting HIV. Can you please advise what are the chances of getting HIV after receiving unprotected oral sex and when should I get tested (3 weeks i guess)? I did not have any sores on my genitals, and apparently she did not have any ulcers, wounds etc in her mouth, but of course, I am not sure about that. She did mention though that she does not have HIV but I am not sure whether to rely on her or not. We did not have any other form of sexual activity. Thank you.

Hi, and thank you for your question

The chance of getting HIV from oral sex is extremely low as indicated in our Know Your Chances charts and on our HIV and AIDS information page. If you are sexually active, we recommend getting tested routinely (every 6-12 months) for all sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV, syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhea. The best time to test for HIV is 6-12 weeks after an encounter as it can take up to this amount of time for antibodies to be detectable if a person has acquired the virus.

I would add that simply because someone does sex work, this does not mean that they have HIV. In fact you have indicated that this person told you that they do not have HIV and that they are “well-reviewed” on their profile. Whether you engage in sexual contact with someone who does sex work, or with someone you met online or at any other venue, it is important to consider precautions you may want to take against infections. As already noted, oral sex is generally pretty low risk for HIV but other infections such as HSV, syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhea can be more easily passed this way. Regardless of the partner, condoms are a good way to prevent or to decrease the chance of passing these infections.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

I had unprotected sex with a women (I am a male) and was contacted by her the next day – and she informed me she had chlamydia. I immediately went to a walk-in clinic and was informed that it could take about 72 hours to show up on the current STI tests. The doctor said that since I had been exposed to Chlamydia and couldn’t get checked within the following few days-week he would treat me and then I was to go and get checked after. I was treated with 1G azithromycin approximately 36 hours after this potential exposure. My question is: was this too early to treat? (Ie. If I did contract chlamydia – was treating this too early, or would this treatment have been successful?) I also haven’t been se ally active since. Thank you

Hello and thank you for your question.

That is great that you went directly to a clinic for treatment once you were named as a contact to a case of Chlamydia.  It is true that if it was only 36 hours after the potential exposure it would have likely been too early for the Chlamydia to show up positive on an STI test as the test is checking for your body’s antibody response to the bacteria and that time interval wouldn’t have given the body enough time to build enough of an immune response to be detectable on the test.  That said, treatment is appropriate at this time as the antibiotic it will still kill off the Chlamydia bacteria.  Please hold off from having sex for 7 days after treatment as it takes that long for all of the bacteria to be killed.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

I had an encounter with a female sex worker in which she gave me oral sex with a condom. We did not change condoms when having vaginal sex. I did not ejaculate and stopped in the middle when common sense finally kicked in. Is this high risk behaviour for catching HIV and should I be considering going on PEP?

Hi, and thanks for your question

The risk of HIV transmission to the male partner from the type of encounter you have described is extremely low. We would not recommend HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in this instance. In addition to the encounter being considered extremely low risk, the risk of potential side effects and harm from the PEP medication would far outweigh any potential benefit you might glean from it.

If you are interested in learning more about HIV and its transmission, you might find our HIV and AIDS information page helpful. In addition, our Know Your Chances charts give a quick breakdown of high risk and low risk transmission depending on the type of sex and the infection in question. And remember, we always recommend routine STI testing (HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea) for all sexually active adults.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

Can I get hiv while rubbing my genital with someone else while wearing thin clothing? The other person was also wearing underwear.

Hello, and thank you for your question.

HIV is transmitted through blood and body fluids, and cannot be passed through casual contact, skin to skin contact, or through clothing.

For more information on a variety of sexually transmitted infections please visit STIs at a Glance or for info about transmission risk check out Know your Chances.

Please let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

I recently had unprotected sex and immediately after I was sore. Within 5-10 hours a developed a thicker yellowish/green discharge and it became uncomfortable to urinate. I’m wondering if it’s possible to have symptoms of an STD this early? And can an std be passed from my fingers to a mans genetalia? Thank you.

Hi, and thank you for your question

It would be pretty unusual to develop symptoms of an STI that quickly after possibly being exposed. A very likely culprit of the soreness you felt might have been due to friction and not enough lubrication during insertive sex. Sometimes adding some extra lubricant can really help with comfort and with preventing damage to the skin such as small tears.

I don’t know what the discharge might have been, but it can be common to have some irritation to the urethra after having sex. During intercourse there are lots of microbes (non-harmful, normal healthy bacteria) that can be passed between partners. While these microbes don’t necessarily cause an infection they can get up into the urethra and cause some irritation. Staying well hydrated, urinating frequently (especially right after sex) and drinking cranberry juice or taking some cranberry supplements can help with this discomfort.

Finally, yes some STIs could be passed from your finger’s to a male partner’s genitals, if your fingers had been touching your own genitals first and there is an infection already present. The most common things would be infections passed through skin to skin contact such as HPV, herpes or even syphilis. So for example, if a person has an active herpes outbreak on their genitals and touches the sores, then immediately touches their partner’s genitals, it would be possible to pass that infection to the partner.

You might find our STIs at a Glance chart helpful as it gives a quick overview of how different infections are passed.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

My hand get quite deep cut and was bleeding. This cut was dressed with plaster. After that I had contact with some guy. During our meeting the plaster slid down from the cut. Is there any risk when my bloody skin get contact with his penis after ejaculation or his bleeding scratch on the body? This contact was quite short (when I noticed it I take hand from him), but it leaves some blood stains on his skin. Could you let me know your comments, please?

Hi, and thanks for your question

From what you have described, there is no risk to either you or your partner from the above encounter. For blood-borne infections (like HIV or Hepatitis) to be passed from one person to another, it really requires entry of one person’s blood (who has the infection) directly into the body of the other person. We typically don’t get these infections simply by having blood contact on the surface of the skin.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

If someone contracted HSV 1 on their genitals from oral sex,can it spread to another person from sex? I was told it was a low chance.

Hi, and thanks for your question

Actually the herpes virus, whether it is HSV-1 or HSV-2, is very easily spread by skin-to-skin contact. So yes, if someone gets a herpes infection on the genitals from oral sex, it is absolutely possible to then pass that infection to another partner during sexual contact.

Keep in mind, however, that while herpes is easily spread (which is why it’s so very common!) it is only being passed when the virus is active. Typically this means that it’s only spreading when the symptoms of blisters or lesions are present on the skin. When the blisters heal, the virus goes to “sleep” on the nerve pathway and is not being passed until it wakes up again. The frequency of when the virus “wakes up” and spreads from person to person varies. Some people only ever get one outbreak in their lifetime, while other people might have 2 or 3 outbreaks per year.

If you’re interested in reading more about herpes and the virus that causes it, have a look at our Herpes: Patient’s Guide.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse

I am from INDIA.I had unprotected gay oral sex many times and I had anal sex one time without condom. I had severe joint paints for 10 days and 10 to 15 rashes some of itchy some rashes are not itchy. I went to blood test I don’t know the last exposure day please help me. 1.hiv-ab-serum 2.hbsag-serum 3.anti-hcv-serum 4.tpha test for syphilis serum (immuno chromatographic) this all the test are negative. I went for hiv1 and hiv2 antibodies western blot serum test. Hiv1 and hiv 2 antibodies screening test 0.06 index

Hi

You are doing the correct action by going for a test. A STI/HIV test will let you know if something was passed to you. The symptoms you have described can be caused by many different medical conditions so would not be a reliable way to know if you have an STI or not. For the best care it would be good to mention the symptoms you are having to the person that did your testing.

Given the type of sex you described I would recommend getting a full STI test which would include:

(1) Gonorrhea and chlamydia testing from the throat, rectum and urine. Wait at least 2 weeks after sex before doing these tests for the best accuracy.

(2) HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B and C blood test. We find that most of these infections would show up by 6 weeks after they passed to someone, but we still recommend doing a final test at 3 months just to make sure.   

It’s great that your blood tests came back negative, but the main factor is how long after the sex did you do the test? Even just a rough idea would be enough information; you don’t need to be exact to the day. If it has been at least 6 weeks from the time when you had sex until your blood test that is a great result and means there is a high chance you are fine, but we still recommend a final test at 3 months to make sure.     

As most STI/HIV do not show symptoms we recommend that people go for regular testing every 3-6 months if there is a chance something could have passed to you.

Condoms offer great protection against HIV and other STI.  I am unsure of the situation in India but in Canada we are also finding that PREP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is becoming very popular in terms of a tool that can stop HIV passing to you.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any further questions or concerns.

Health Nurse

I took the sti medication within 10 hours and i slept with someone already i am still gonna get cured after seven days

Hi, and thanks for your question

Waiting 7 days after taking the medication for a sexually transmitted infection is necessary to get rid of the infection in your body. During that time, you can still transmit the infection to your partners. If you were to then have sex with the same partner beyond that 7 day period, there is a very good chance that person could give the infection back to you, since many STIs are pretty easily passed.

For this reason it is important that you get any STIs treated appropriately and that any ongoing partners also get tested and take the treatment right away to avoid the infection going back and forth between the two of you.

At this point, the person you had sex with after you took the medication, should get treatment for the STI and you both should wait until seven days after treatment before having sex.

Let us know if this does not answer your question or if you have any more questions or concerns.
Health Nurse